Dharma as the Foundation of Justice in Indian Jurisprudence

Abstract

The concept of Dharma occupies a central place in Indian philosophy, ethics, and jurisprudence. Unlike the modern understanding of law as a set of enforceable rules enacted by the State, Dharma represents a broader concept encompassing righteousness, moral duty, justice, and social harmony. Ancient Indian legal systems regarded Dharma as the supreme source of law and justice. From the Vedas and Smritis to the epics such as the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, Dharma guided rulers, judges, and individuals in maintaining social order. In modern India, although the legal system is primarily based on constitutional and statutory law, the principles underlying Dharma continue to influence constitutional values such as justice, equality, liberty, fraternity, and the rule of law. This paper examines the historical development, philosophical foundations, and contemporary relevance of Dharma as the basis of justice in Indian jurisprudence.